![](\"http:\/\/pravda-team.ru\/port\/image\/article\/2\/9\/8\/29298.jpeg\")
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A professora e economista Amyra El Khalili<\/em><\/p>\n O de\u00adbate am\u00adbi\u00adental tem tudo para ser es\u00adca\u00admo\u00adteado ou re\u00adpetir ve\u00adlhas ter\u00adgi\u00adver\u00adsa\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es sobre de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advi\u00admento e sus\u00adten\u00adta\u00adbi\u00adli\u00addade no ce\u00adn\u00e1rio elei\u00adtoral que co\u00adme\u00e7a a se aquecer. Mais ainda no que tange a cha\u00admada eco\u00adnomia verde, con\u00adceito ainda novo para o p\u00fa\u00adblico. Co\u00adlu\u00adnista do Cor\u00adreio da Ci\u00adda\u00addania, a eco\u00adno\u00admista e ati\u00advista so\u00adci\u00ado\u00adam\u00adbi\u00adental Amyra El Kha\u00adlili acaba de lan\u00e7ar a 2\u00aa edi\u00e7\u00e3o do e-book Com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties Am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais em Miss\u00e3o de Paz – Novo mo\u00addelo econ\u00f4\u00admico para Am\u00e9\u00adrica La\u00adtina e o Ca\u00adribe. Como at\u00e9 o t\u00ed\u00adtulo su\u00adgere, n\u00e3o se trata de um de\u00adbate de f\u00e1cil apre\u00adens\u00e3o. Nesta en\u00adtre\u00advista, tra\u00adtamos de trazer tais con\u00adceitos \u00e0 luz.<\/p>\n “As com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais s\u00e3o o oposto das com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties con\u00adven\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais por fa\u00adzerem con\u00adtra\u00adponto aos cri\u00adt\u00e9\u00adrios de pa\u00addro\u00adni\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o e co\u00admer\u00adci\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o, ao ques\u00adtion\u00e1-los tec\u00adni\u00adca\u00admente con\u00adfron\u00adtando os n\u00fa\u00admeros e es\u00adta\u00adt\u00eds\u00adticas das grandes es\u00adcalas de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o, in\u00adcluindo as va\u00adri\u00e1\u00adveis so\u00adciais e am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais e prin\u00adci\u00adpal\u00admente as rein\u00advin\u00addi\u00adca\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es dos que s\u00e3o os le\u00adg\u00ed\u00adtimos re\u00adpre\u00adsen\u00adtantes de sua ‘emi\u00adn\u00eancia parda, O Mer\u00adcado’, ou seja, os pro\u00addu\u00adtores e con\u00adsu\u00admi\u00addores que somos todos e todas n\u00f3s”, ex\u00adplicou.<\/p>\n Na ex\u00adtensa en\u00adtre\u00advista, Amyra El Kha\u00adlili tamb\u00e9m cri\u00adtica os li\u00admites do dis\u00adcurso am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adta\u00adlista ma\u00adjo\u00adri\u00adt\u00e1rio, pois em sua vis\u00e3o co\u00adloca motes de f\u00e1cil as\u00adsi\u00admi\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o – como “\u00e1gua n\u00e3o \u00e9 mer\u00adca\u00addoria” – acima da an\u00e1\u00adlise do mo\u00addelo de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e con\u00adsumo no qual es\u00adtamos todos in\u00adse\u00adridos. Do outro lado, trata de pre\u00adcisar as di\u00adfe\u00adren\u00e7as entre mer\u00adcados fi\u00adnan\u00adcei\u00adri\u00adzados e oli\u00adgo\u00adpo\u00adli\u00adzados da\u00adqueles que en\u00advolvem pro\u00addu\u00adtores e con\u00adsu\u00admi\u00addores de pe\u00adquena es\u00adcala, em nome de quem sempre se es\u00adti\u00admulam os ins\u00adtru\u00admentos de eco\u00adnomia sus\u00adten\u00adt\u00e1vel, mi\u00adti\u00adga\u00e7\u00e3o de danos, com\u00adpen\u00adsa\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais etc.<\/p>\n “Uma coisa \u00e9 fi\u00adnan\u00adciar um pro\u00adjeto de mi\u00adti\u00adga\u00e7\u00e3o (re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o de emis\u00ads\u00f5es), a outra \u00e9 emitir t\u00ed\u00adtulos para as Bolsas ou ne\u00adgo\u00adciar com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties nas Bolsas. S\u00e3o coisas di\u00adfe\u00adrentes, t\u00eam fun\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es di\u00adfe\u00adrentes; n\u00e3o de\u00adve\u00adriam se fundir e muito menos se con\u00adfundir. Ocorre que com os ins\u00adtru\u00admentos da eco\u00adnomia verde ci\u00adtados an\u00adte\u00adri\u00ador\u00admente, est\u00e3o fun\u00addindo e con\u00adfun\u00addindo pro\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adta\u00adda\u00admente os con\u00adtratos em uma ar\u00adqui\u00adte\u00adtura fi\u00adnan\u00adceira pe\u00adri\u00adgosa. Mi\u00adtigar n\u00e3o ocorre da noite para o dia, leva anos e anos, e muitos que est\u00e3o as\u00adsi\u00adnando con\u00adtratos, acordos e pro\u00adjetos nem es\u00adtar\u00e3o vivos para saber seus re\u00adsul\u00adtados, com\u00adpro\u00adme\u00adtendo assim o pa\u00adtrim\u00f4nio am\u00adbi\u00adental e cul\u00adtural das pre\u00adsentes e fu\u00adturas ge\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es, como \u00e9 o caso das terras dos povos in\u00add\u00ed\u00adgenas e tra\u00addi\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais”, ana\u00adlisou.<\/p>\n A en\u00adtre\u00advista com\u00adpleta com Amyra El Kha\u00adlili pode ser lida a se\u00adguir.<\/p>\n Cor\u00adreio da Ci\u00adda\u00addania: Co\u00adme\u00ad\u00e7ando pelo t\u00ed\u00adtulo do livro, o que s\u00e3o com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais e quais suas fi\u00adna\u00adli\u00addades na eco\u00adnomia atual?<\/strong><\/p>\n Amyra El Kha\u00adlili:<\/strong>\u00a0Pri\u00admei\u00adra\u00admente, \u00e9 pre\u00adciso com\u00adpre\u00adender o que s\u00e3o “com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties” para de\u00adpois de\u00adfi\u00adnirmos o que s\u00e3o “com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais”. Com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties s\u00e3o mer\u00adca\u00addo\u00adrias pa\u00addro\u00adni\u00adzadas para compra e venda que adotam cri\u00adt\u00e9\u00adrios in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais de co\u00admer\u00adci\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o em mer\u00adcados or\u00adga\u00adni\u00adzados (bur\u00ads\u00e1\u00adteis, ou seja, de Bolsas de Mer\u00adca\u00addo\u00adrias e de Fu\u00adturos). Hoje clas\u00adsi\u00adfi\u00adcamos as pro\u00addu\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es con\u00adven\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais em com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties agro\u00adpe\u00adcu\u00e1\u00adrias (soja, milho, caf\u00e9, boi, cana, cacau, a\u00e7\u00facar etc.) e com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties mi\u00adne\u00adrais (pe\u00adtr\u00f3leo, g\u00e1s, ouro, prata, cobre, ferro etc.).<\/p>\n Foi jus\u00adta\u00admente com o ob\u00adje\u00adtivo de ques\u00adti\u00adonar como se d\u00e3o esses “cri\u00adt\u00e9\u00adrios” de pa\u00addro\u00adni\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o e seu modus ope\u00adrandi que passei a es\u00adtudar o bin\u00f4mio “\u00e1gua e energia” e cu\u00adnhei a ex\u00adpress\u00e3o “com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais”. Fui ope\u00adra\u00addora de com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties e de fu\u00adturos por mais de duas d\u00e9\u00adcadas, treinei e ca\u00adpa\u00adcitei ope\u00adra\u00addores para as cor\u00adre\u00adtoras, passei a ser es\u00adtra\u00adte\u00adgista em en\u00adge\u00adnharia fi\u00adnan\u00adceira, es\u00adtru\u00adturei e montei quatro cor\u00adre\u00adtoras as\u00adso\u00adci\u00adadas \u00e0 Bolsa de Mer\u00adca\u00addo\u00adrias & de Fu\u00adturos (an\u00adtiga BM&F), na d\u00e9\u00adcada de 90 ne\u00adgo\u00adciava duas to\u00adne\u00adladas de ouro por dia nos mer\u00adcados spot (\u00e0 vista) e de\u00adri\u00adva\u00adtivos (fu\u00adturos) at\u00e9 chegar \u00e0 con\u00addi\u00e7\u00e3o de con\u00adsul\u00adtora da BM&F as\u00adses\u00adso\u00adrando-a na im\u00adplan\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o de ins\u00adtru\u00admentos econ\u00f4\u00admico-fi\u00adnan\u00adceiros, como, por exemplo, o con\u00adtrato fu\u00adturo de soja em gr\u00e3o a granel. Fiz a rota da soja no Brasil para o lan\u00ad\u00e7a\u00admento deste con\u00adtrato fu\u00adturo de soja. Como co\u00adnhe\u00e7o essa en\u00adgre\u00adnagem por dentro, sei se\u00adparar pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o de fi\u00adnan\u00e7as como tamb\u00e9m iden\u00adti\u00adficar quando pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e fi\u00adnan\u00e7as se “fundem e con\u00adfundem”.<\/p>\n As com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais s\u00e3o o oposto das com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties con\u00adven\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais por fa\u00adzerem con\u00adtra\u00adponto aos cri\u00adt\u00e9\u00adrios de pa\u00addro\u00adni\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o e co\u00admer\u00adci\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o, ao ques\u00adtion\u00e1-los tec\u00adni\u00adca\u00admente con\u00adfron\u00adtando os n\u00fa\u00admeros e es\u00adta\u00adt\u00eds\u00adticas das grandes es\u00adcalas de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o, in\u00adcluindo as va\u00adri\u00e1\u00adveis so\u00adciais e am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais e prin\u00adci\u00adpal\u00admente as rein\u00advin\u00addi\u00adca\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es dos que s\u00e3o os le\u00adg\u00ed\u00adtimos re\u00adpre\u00adsen\u00adtantes de sua “emi\u00adn\u00eancia parda, O Mer\u00adcado”, ou seja, os pro\u00addu\u00adtores e con\u00adsu\u00admi\u00addores que somos todos e todas n\u00f3s, pa\u00adga\u00addores de im\u00adpostos e taxas, al\u00e9m de pa\u00adgarmos tamb\u00e9m as exor\u00adbi\u00adtantes taxas de juros pra\u00adti\u00adcadas no Brasil quando re\u00adcor\u00adremos a em\u00adpr\u00e9s\u00adtimos e fi\u00adnan\u00adci\u00ada\u00admentos.<\/p>\n Assim sendo as “com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais” s\u00e3o mer\u00adca\u00addo\u00adrias ori\u00adgi\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrias de re\u00adcursos na\u00adtu\u00adrais, pro\u00addu\u00adzidas em con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es sus\u00adten\u00adt\u00e1\u00adveis, e cons\u00adti\u00adtuem os in\u00adsumos vi\u00adtais para a in\u00add\u00fas\u00adtria e a agri\u00adcul\u00adtura. Estes re\u00adcursos na\u00adtu\u00adrais se di\u00advidem em sete ma\u00adtrizes: 1. \u00e1gua; 2. energia, 3. bi\u00ado\u00addi\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addade; 4. flo\u00adresta; 5. mi\u00adn\u00e9rio; 6. re\u00adci\u00adclagem; 7. re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o de emis\u00ads\u00f5es po\u00adlu\u00adentes (no solo, na \u00e1gua e no ar). As com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais est\u00e3o sempre con\u00adju\u00adgadas a ser\u00advi\u00e7os so\u00adci\u00ado\u00adam\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais – eco\u00adtu\u00adrismo, tu\u00adrismo in\u00adte\u00adgrado, cul\u00adtura e sa\u00adberes, edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o, in\u00adfor\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o, co\u00admu\u00adni\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o, sa\u00fade, ci\u00ad\u00eancia, pes\u00adquisa e his\u00adt\u00f3ria, entre ou\u00adtras va\u00adri\u00e1\u00adveis que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o con\u00adsi\u00adde\u00adradas nas com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties con\u00adven\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais.<\/p>\n En\u00adquanto as com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties con\u00adven\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais (agro\u00adpe\u00adcu\u00e1\u00adrias e mi\u00adne\u00adrais) se con\u00adcen\u00adtram em al\u00adguns poucos pro\u00addutos da pauta de ex\u00adpor\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o com es\u00adcalas de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o, com alta com\u00adpe\u00adti\u00advi\u00addade e tec\u00adno\u00adlogia de ponta (trans\u00adgenia, na\u00adno\u00adtec\u00adno\u00adlogia, bi\u00ado\u00adlogia sin\u00adt\u00e9\u00adtica, ge\u00ado\u00aden\u00adge\u00adnharia etc.) nas com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advemos cri\u00adt\u00e9\u00adrios de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o al\u00adter\u00adna\u00adtiva como a agro\u00ade\u00adco\u00adlogia, a or\u00adg\u00e2\u00adnica, a per\u00adma\u00adcul\u00adtura, a bi\u00ado\u00addi\u00adn\u00e2\u00admica, a agri\u00adcul\u00adtura de sub\u00adsis\u00adt\u00eancia con\u00adsor\u00adciada com pes\u00adquisa de fauna e flora, como as plantas me\u00addi\u00adci\u00adnais, ex\u00f3\u00adticas e em ex\u00adtin\u00e7\u00e3o. Exem\u00adpli\u00adfico a pes\u00adquisa com o banco de ger\u00admo\u00adplasma do bioma ma\u00adca\u00adro\u00adn\u00e9sia (misto de bioma amaz\u00f4\u00adnico com mata atl\u00e2n\u00adtica).<\/p>\n \u00c9 o caso da se\u00admente de linho e das tin\u00adturas res\u00adga\u00adtadas pelo banco de ger\u00admo\u00adplasma para bor\u00addados tra\u00addi\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais da Ilha da Ma\u00addeira em Por\u00adtugal que foram clo\u00adnados pelos chi\u00adneses e in\u00addus\u00adtri\u00ada\u00adli\u00adzados. O mer\u00adcado foi inun\u00addado por fal\u00adsi\u00adfi\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o chi\u00adnesa dos bor\u00addados da Ilha da Ma\u00addeira. Re\u00adsul\u00adtado: as bor\u00adda\u00addeiras j\u00e1 n\u00e3o querem mais en\u00adsinar suas fi\u00adlhas o of\u00edcio por serem ex\u00adplo\u00adradas pela in\u00addus\u00adtri\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o e por em\u00adpre\u00ads\u00e1\u00adrios que ex\u00adportam seus bor\u00addados para bou\u00adti\u00adques e pagam uma mi\u00ads\u00e9ria para as bor\u00adda\u00addeiras.<\/p>\n Outra con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00e7\u00e3o: en\u00adquanto na Amaz\u00f4nia com\u00adba\u00adtemos a bi\u00ado\u00adpi\u00adra\u00adtaria, nos pa\u00edses do norte pes\u00adquisam as se\u00admentes e es\u00adp\u00e9\u00adcies para re\u00adcu\u00adperar o que de\u00adgra\u00addaram e des\u00adma\u00adtaram. S\u00e3o essas con\u00adtra\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es, seus pa\u00adra\u00addoxos e re\u00adfle\u00adx\u00f5es entre pro\u00adblemas e so\u00adlu\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es que es\u00adtamos de\u00adba\u00adtendo e ana\u00adli\u00adsando ao cons\u00adtruir co\u00adle\u00adti\u00adva\u00admente o con\u00adceito “com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais”. As com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais s\u00e3o como um es\u00adpelho di\u00adante da face do sis\u00adtema fi\u00adnan\u00adceiro para que pos\u00adsamos en\u00adxergar em tempos de trevas al\u00adguma luz no fim do t\u00fanel, pro\u00adpondo um mo\u00addelo de tran\u00adsi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 eco\u00adnomia de mer\u00adcado em sua fase ne\u00ado\u00adli\u00adberal (neo = novo; li\u00adberal = livre mer\u00adcado).<\/p>\n Ora se vi\u00advemos em uma eco\u00adnomia onde quem co\u00admanda \u00e9 o livre mer\u00adcado, por que so\u00admente os de\u00adten\u00adtores de ca\u00adpital podem de\u00adcidir sobre o que, como e de que forma de\u00advemos pro\u00adduzir e con\u00adsumir? Se \u00e9 livre para os ca\u00adpi\u00adta\u00adli\u00adzados, por que deles somos re\u00adf\u00e9ns e es\u00adtamos “presos”? De\u00advemos ser eter\u00adna\u00admente “es\u00adcravos do livre mer\u00adcado”?<\/p>\n Se somos os que pro\u00adduzem, os que con\u00adsomem, os que pagam im\u00adpostos, taxas e os juros, por que temos que nos su\u00adbor\u00addinar \u00e0s re\u00adgras de pa\u00addro\u00adni\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o e co\u00admer\u00adci\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais, fora de nossa re\u00ada\u00adli\u00addade e ainda aceitar pas\u00adsi\u00adva\u00admente que esse mer\u00adcado se “au\u00adtor\u00adre\u00adgule”?<\/p>\n No Brasil sa\u00adbemos que o le\u00adgis\u00adlador \u00e9 ques\u00adti\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1vel e muitas vezes in\u00adjusto; \u00e9 quando a lei be\u00adne\u00adficia o r\u00e9u (o de\u00adgra\u00addador) e pe\u00adna\u00adliza a v\u00ed\u00adtima (o am\u00adbi\u00adente). E quando \u00e9 con\u00adve\u00adni\u00adente para bancos e cor\u00adpo\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es, pre\u00adva\u00adlece o ne\u00adgo\u00adciado sobre o le\u00adgis\u00adlado.<\/p>\n Cor\u00adreio da Ci\u00adda\u00addania: Con\u00adsi\u00addera a ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o das com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais sus\u00adten\u00adt\u00e1vel? Qual a “se\u00adpa\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o a se fazer do joio do trigo”, como a obra prop\u00f5e?<\/strong><\/p>\n Amyra El Kha\u00adlili:<\/strong>\u00a0As ma\u00adtrizes das com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais s\u00e3o re\u00adcursos na\u00adtu\u00adrais e pro\u00adcessos re\u00adno\u00adv\u00e1\u00adveis e n\u00e3o re\u00adno\u00adv\u00e1\u00adveis: a \u00e1gua, a energia, a bi\u00ado\u00addi\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addade, a flo\u00adresta, o mi\u00adn\u00e9rio, a re\u00adci\u00adclagem, a re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o de emis\u00ads\u00f5es de po\u00adlu\u00adentes (no solo, na \u00e1gua e no ar). N\u00e3o s\u00e3o mer\u00adca\u00addo\u00adrias, n\u00e3o podem ser “co\u00admo\u00addi\u00adti\u00adzadas” por se tra\u00adtarem de bens di\u00adfusos, de uso comum do povo.<\/p>\n As com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais s\u00e3o as mer\u00adca\u00addo\u00adrias que se ori\u00adginam destas ma\u00adtrizes, por exemplo, o doce de goiaba da pro\u00addu\u00adtora de doces de Campos dos Goy\u00adta\u00adcazes (RJ). A goi\u00ada\u00adbeira \u00e9 ma\u00adtriz. A goiaba \u00e9 ma\u00adt\u00e9ria prima, o fruto. A mer\u00adca\u00addoria \u00e9 o doce de goiaba. A pres\u00adta\u00addora de ser\u00advi\u00e7os \u00e9 a mu\u00adlher do\u00adceira de Campos dos Goy\u00adta\u00adcazes que aprendeu com a \u00edndia Goy\u00adtac\u00e1 a re\u00adceita tra\u00addi\u00adci\u00adonal para fazer goi\u00ada\u00adbada casc\u00e3o. A mu\u00adlher do\u00adceira se or\u00adga\u00adniza em as\u00adso\u00adci\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o e co\u00ado\u00adpe\u00adra\u00adtiva. A \u00e1gua e a energia como com\u00admo\u00addity am\u00adbi\u00adental, neste caso, \u00e9 o in\u00adsumo usado pela mu\u00adlher do\u00adceira para pro\u00adduzir o doce de goiaba. Torna-se com\u00admo\u00addity am\u00adbi\u00adental quando essa mu\u00adlher do\u00adceira cuida da bacia hi\u00addro\u00adgr\u00e1\u00adfica e tra\u00adbalha com energia re\u00adno\u00adv\u00e1vel e\/ou ma\u00adxi\u00admi\u00adzando o uso da \u00e1gua e da energia para poder pro\u00adduzir seu doce. \u00c9 quando \u00e1gua e energia s\u00e3o cap\u00adtadas da na\u00adtu\u00adreza e passam para a ca\u00addeia pro\u00addu\u00adtiva.<\/p>\n Nas com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais tra\u00adba\u00adlhamos as sete ma\u00adtrizes in\u00adte\u00adgradas ao apren\u00addermos como fun\u00adciona um ecos\u00adsis\u00adtema. Na na\u00adtu\u00adreza n\u00e3o h\u00e1 se\u00adpa\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o entre as ma\u00adtrizes porque a na\u00adtu\u00adreza est\u00e1 in\u00adte\u00adgrada. Se se\u00adpa\u00adramos em sete ma\u00adtrizes \u00e9 para poder es\u00adtudar e ana\u00adlisar os im\u00adpactos so\u00adci\u00ado\u00ade\u00adcon\u00f4\u00admicos de seu uso jus\u00adta\u00admente para n\u00e3o per\u00admitir a ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de\u00adsen\u00adfreada e nem o ex\u00adtra\u00adti\u00advismo in\u00addus\u00adtri\u00ada\u00adli\u00adzado como ocorreu no de\u00adsastre am\u00adbi\u00adental com a mi\u00adne\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o em Ma\u00adriana, Minas Ge\u00adrais.<\/p>\n Es\u00adtamos fa\u00adlando de com\u00admo\u00addity, ou seja, de mer\u00adcado or\u00adga\u00adni\u00adzado e n\u00e3o de ex\u00adtra\u00adti\u00advismo pura e sim\u00adples\u00admente (sem or\u00adga\u00adni\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o so\u00adcial). Com\u00admo\u00addity n\u00e3o se d\u00e1 na in\u00adfor\u00adma\u00adli\u00addade e nem \u00e9 pos\u00ads\u00edvel dizer que qual\u00adquer coisa\u00a0vira com\u00admo\u00addity<\/strong>\u00a0na ile\u00adga\u00adli\u00addade e sem cri\u00adt\u00e9rio de pa\u00addro\u00adni\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o. Agora mer\u00adca\u00addoria pode ser l\u00ed\u00adcita tanto quanto il\u00ed\u00adcita. A lista de coisas il\u00ed\u00adcitas que se tornam mer\u00adca\u00addo\u00adrias \u00e9 enorme, d\u00e1 pano pra burca!<\/p>\n Na eco\u00adnomia verde chamam os pro\u00adcessos de ser\u00advi\u00e7os ecos\u00adsis\u00adt\u00ea\u00admicos e am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais. Ocorre que tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o s\u00e3o “ser\u00advi\u00e7os”, j\u00e1 que a na\u00adtu\u00adreza n\u00e3o est\u00e1 a ser\u00advi\u00e7o dos hu\u00admanos, n\u00e3o cobra por seus tra\u00adba\u00adlhos. No con\u00adceito “com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais” es\u00adtamos fa\u00adlando de “be\u00adne\u00adf\u00ed\u00adcios pro\u00advi\u00adden\u00adciais” e n\u00e3o de ser\u00advi\u00e7os am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais.<\/p>\n Se al\u00adgu\u00e9m presta algum ser\u00advi\u00e7o nessa equa\u00e7\u00e3o, \u00e9 a bor\u00adda\u00addeira da Ilha da Ma\u00addeira, a cos\u00adtu\u00adreira, o ex\u00adtra\u00adti\u00advista, a que\u00adbra\u00addeira de coco de ba\u00adba\u00e7u, o ri\u00adbei\u00adrinho que pesca o peixe, a do\u00adceira que re\u00adtira a goiaba man\u00adtendo a goi\u00ada\u00adbeira em p\u00e9 e plan\u00adtando uma muda de goi\u00ada\u00adbeira ao lado da \u00e1r\u00advore que ex\u00adtraiu o fruto, os povos in\u00add\u00ed\u00adgenas e tra\u00addi\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais que pro\u00adtegem e guardam as flo\u00adrestas e as \u00e1guas. Estes, sim, prestam ser\u00advi\u00e7os e de\u00adve\u00adriam ser de\u00advi\u00adda\u00admente re\u00admu\u00adne\u00adrados por manter os “be\u00adne\u00adf\u00ed\u00adcios pro\u00advi\u00adden\u00adciais” que a na\u00adtu\u00adreza nos pro\u00adpor\u00adciona. Eles e elas tra\u00adba\u00adlham para que te\u00adnhamos \u00e1gua em quan\u00adti\u00addade e qua\u00adli\u00addade, assim como o ar, a terra e o mar.<\/p>\n Cor\u00adreio da Ci\u00adda\u00addania: E os ver\u00adda\u00addeiros pres\u00adta\u00addores de ser\u00advi\u00e7o est\u00e3o sendo ex\u00adclu\u00eddos dos be\u00adne\u00adf\u00ed\u00adcios econ\u00f4\u00admicos?<\/strong><\/p>\n Amyra El Kha\u00adlili:<\/strong>\u00a0A aca\u00addemia e as grandes ONGs t\u00eam por h\u00e1\u00adbito criar novas ex\u00adpres\u00ads\u00f5es e pa\u00adla\u00advras-chaves para des\u00adviar a aten\u00e7\u00e3o do prin\u00adcipal, tanto os que de\u00adfendem o ne\u00ado\u00adli\u00adbe\u00adra\u00adlismo quanto os que o cri\u00adticam. \u00c9 muita ter\u00adgi\u00adver\u00adsa\u00e7\u00e3o po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica, dis\u00adtor\u00e7\u00e3o e en\u00advi\u00ade\u00adsa\u00admento das ban\u00addeiras e justas causas que de\u00adfen\u00addemos e dis\u00adcu\u00adtimos no mundo real. Mas o povo n\u00e3o \u00e9 bobo. \u00c9 bom, mas n\u00e3o \u00e9 bobo. Como disse uma li\u00adde\u00adran\u00e7a Ja\u00admi\u00adnaw\u00e1 “ca\u00adpi\u00advara \u00e9 ca\u00adpi\u00advara, paca \u00e9 paca, cobra \u00e9 cobra e nem vem com esses nomes com\u00adpli\u00adcados que a gente n\u00e3o sabe o que \u00e9, pra gente as coisas s\u00e3o sim\u00adples”.<\/p>\n Se usamos a pa\u00adlavra-ex\u00adpress\u00e3o “com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties” \u00e9 porque do\u00admi\u00adnamos o as\u00adsunto e es\u00adtamos re\u00adba\u00adtendo ar\u00adgu\u00admentos frouxos e in\u00adcon\u00adsis\u00adtentes. Der\u00adru\u00adbando mitos que se apre\u00adsentam como ver\u00addades ab\u00adso\u00adlutas e in\u00adques\u00adti\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1\u00adveis. Quem nos ouve e nos l\u00ea com aten\u00e7\u00e3o en\u00adtende per\u00adfei\u00adta\u00admente o que es\u00adtamos fa\u00adlando.<\/p>\n Tamb\u00e9m nunca soube de um in\u00adves\u00adtidor que co\u00adlo\u00adcasse di\u00adnheiro em algo que n\u00e3o en\u00adten\u00addesse, pelo con\u00adtr\u00e1rio, se o fazem sem en\u00adtender \u00e9 porque est\u00e3o sendo en\u00adga\u00adnados. En\u00adganar pes\u00adsoas \u00e9 es\u00adte\u00adli\u00ado\u00adnato (abuso da boa f\u00e9 do in\u00addi\u00adv\u00edduo) e se tiver pa\u00adp\u00e9is com pa\u00adla\u00advras-ex\u00adpres\u00ads\u00f5es en\u00adro\u00adladas, cer\u00adti\u00adfi\u00adca\u00addores du\u00advi\u00addosos, au\u00addi\u00adtores in\u00adcom\u00adpe\u00adtentes (na me\u00adlhor das hi\u00adp\u00f3\u00adteses) \u00e9 fraude. Se tiver juros im\u00adpra\u00adti\u00adc\u00e1\u00adveis e es\u00adcor\u00adchantes, \u00e9 agi\u00ado\u00adtagem. Da\u00ed a coisa sai da es\u00adfera, do campo t\u00e9c\u00adnico e ide\u00ado\u00adl\u00f3\u00adgico e passa \u00e0 con\u00addi\u00e7\u00e3o de ju\u00adr\u00ed\u00addico-econ\u00f4\u00admico. Nessa \u00fal\u00adtima hi\u00adp\u00f3\u00adtese, \u00e9 crime.<\/p>\n Por\u00adtanto, es\u00adtamos en\u00adtrando no ter\u00adri\u00adt\u00f3rio do di\u00adreito penal, mais es\u00adpe\u00adci\u00adfi\u00adca\u00admente no di\u00adreito am\u00adbi\u00adental e no di\u00adreito hu\u00admano sem perder de vista que es\u00adtamos tra\u00adtando tamb\u00e9m com di\u00adreito econ\u00f4\u00admico, tri\u00adbu\u00adt\u00e1rio e fiscal. \u00c9 ma\u00adt\u00e9ria mul\u00adti\u00addis\u00adci\u00adplinar e n\u00e3o d\u00e1 para uma \u00fanica mortal se rogar de dou\u00adtora no tema. Eu n\u00e3o me atre\u00adveria a tanta pre\u00adpo\u00adt\u00eancia!<\/p>\n Sen\u00e3o ve\u00adjamos, quando pri\u00adva\u00adti\u00adzaram a Vale do Rio Doce o que ven\u00adderam? Uma em\u00adpresa es\u00adtatal? N\u00e3o, ven\u00adderam as ri\u00adquezas do sub\u00adsolo, o bem p\u00fa\u00adblico, o mi\u00adn\u00e9rio ex\u00adplo\u00adrado pela Vale do Rio Doce que passou a ter aci\u00ado\u00adnistas es\u00adtran\u00adgeiros e se sub\u00admeter \u00e0s re\u00adgras de mer\u00adcado (ou a falta delas!). Aqui estou fa\u00adlando de mer\u00adcado fi\u00adnan\u00adceiro e n\u00e3o do mer\u00adcado como um todo que somos todos n\u00f3s, pro\u00addu\u00adtores e con\u00adsu\u00admi\u00addores de bens e ser\u00advi\u00e7os.<\/p>\n Quando lei\u00adlo\u00adaram o pr\u00e9-sal, en\u00adtre\u00adgaram para ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de ou\u00adtros pa\u00edses em ter\u00adri\u00adt\u00f3rio bra\u00adsi\u00adleiro o bem comum do povo, o pe\u00adtr\u00f3leo. Eu res\u00adpondo sua per\u00adgunta com outra per\u00adgunta: \u00e9 vi\u00e1vel?<\/p>\n To\u00admemos como fato a re\u00adcente greve dos ca\u00admi\u00adnho\u00adneiros. Ao in\u00adde\u00adxarem os pre\u00e7os dos com\u00adbus\u00adt\u00ed\u00adveis ao pre\u00e7o pra\u00adti\u00adcado nas bolsas in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais, as bombas de ga\u00adso\u00adlina e \u00e1l\u00adcool nos postos pas\u00adsaram \u00e0 con\u00addi\u00e7\u00e3o de cor\u00adre\u00adtores e cam\u00adbistas, com re\u00ada\u00adjustes de pre\u00e7os di\u00e1\u00adrios e ines\u00adpe\u00adrados.<\/p>\n \u00c9 im\u00adpos\u00ads\u00edvel con\u00adviver com uma si\u00adtu\u00ada\u00e7\u00e3o dessas quando nem os ca\u00admi\u00adnho\u00adneiros con\u00adse\u00adguem saber o que est\u00e3o pa\u00adgando para con\u00adti\u00adnu\u00adarem na es\u00adtrada; quando nem seus sa\u00adl\u00e1\u00adrios est\u00e3o ga\u00adran\u00adtidos e ainda correm riscos de vida com as\u00adsaltos e p\u00e9s\u00adsimas con\u00addi\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de tra\u00adbalho com a frota su\u00adca\u00adteada ou como v\u00e3o pagar as pres\u00adta\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es dos ca\u00admi\u00adnh\u00f5es novos que com\u00adpraram.<\/p>\n Quando pro\u00adpomos “as com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais” es\u00adtamos fa\u00adlando de al\u00adter\u00adna\u00adtivas de ge\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de em\u00adprego e renda para os que vivem da mi\u00adne\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o, da ex\u00adplo\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de\u00adsen\u00adfreada do bem comum, pois os ar\u00adgu\u00admentos das mi\u00adne\u00adra\u00addoras e do agro\u00adne\u00adg\u00f3cio s\u00e3o de que tal ati\u00advi\u00addade ex\u00adtra\u00adti\u00advista gera em\u00adprego e renda, traz di\u00advisas (di\u00adnheiro de in\u00adves\u00adti\u00addores es\u00adtran\u00adgeiros) para o pa\u00eds. Mas sa\u00adbemos que as em\u00adpresas multi e trans\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais que se es\u00adta\u00adbe\u00adlecem no Brasil v\u00eam aqui em busca de in\u00adsumos (\u00e1gua e energia), de ma\u00adt\u00e9ria prima (mi\u00adn\u00e9rio e pro\u00addutos agro\u00adpe\u00adcu\u00e1\u00adrios) e m\u00e3o de obra ba\u00adrata ou mesmo de gra\u00e7a e es\u00adcra\u00advi\u00adzada.<\/p>\n Eles trazem seus fun\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrios bem pagos do ex\u00adte\u00adrior, al\u00adta\u00admente ca\u00adpa\u00adci\u00adtados fa\u00adlando duas ou mais l\u00edn\u00adguas, com mes\u00adtrados e dou\u00adto\u00adrados, n\u00e3o con\u00adtratam m\u00e3o de obra re\u00adgi\u00adonal, ex\u00adploram o am\u00adbi\u00adente local com a cum\u00adpli\u00adci\u00addade de po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticos. Assim pri\u00adva\u00adtizam-se os lu\u00adcros e so\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlizam-se os pre\u00adju\u00edzos.<\/p>\n Cor\u00adreio da Ci\u00adda\u00addania: Nesse sen\u00adtido, em textos no Cor\u00adreio da Ci\u00adda\u00addania voc\u00ea es\u00adcreve pro\u00advo\u00adca\u00adti\u00adva\u00admente que \u00e1gua, energia e ali\u00admentos s\u00e3o, sim, mer\u00adca\u00addoria, a des\u00adpeito dos slo\u00adgans mais fa\u00admosos em mo\u00advi\u00admentos so\u00adciais ou do dis\u00adcurso de grupos e par\u00adtidos. Como ex\u00adplicar isso?<\/strong><\/p>\n Amyra El Kha\u00adlili:<\/strong>\u00a0Pois digo que \u00e9 bem o con\u00adtr\u00e1rio dessas cam\u00adpa\u00adnhas que v\u00eam de fora para dentro, cu\u00adnhadas por ONGs in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais quando a pa\u00adlavra com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties tra\u00addu\u00adzida ao p\u00e9 da letra sig\u00adni\u00adfica mer\u00adca\u00addoria. Que\u00adrendo “pa\u00addro\u00adnizar as cam\u00adpa\u00adnhas” para que sejam usadas em todos os con\u00adti\u00adnentes, as ONGs co\u00admetem um equ\u00ed\u00advoco e ali\u00admentam mais ainda a con\u00adfus\u00e3o entre pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e fi\u00adnan\u00e7as. Eles fazem a mesma coisa que os co\u00adlo\u00adni\u00adza\u00addores que tanto cri\u00adticam fi\u00adzeram: nos sub\u00admetem a sua voz de co\u00admando sem nos per\u00adguntar se essas ex\u00adpres\u00ads\u00f5es nos servem para dizer o que gos\u00adta\u00adr\u00edamos de dizer.<\/p>\n Ex\u00adplico: com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties \u00e9 pa\u00adlavra-ex\u00adpress\u00e3o uti\u00adli\u00adzada em fi\u00adnan\u00e7as e podem ser bem mais que sim\u00adples mer\u00adca\u00addo\u00adrias, de\u00adpen\u00addendo de como \u00e9 usada e em que con\u00adtexto est\u00e1 sendo em\u00adpre\u00adgada, como o agro\u00adne\u00adg\u00f3cio em suas pro\u00adpa\u00adgandas quando afirma que o Brasil se tornou o maior ex\u00adpor\u00adtador de soja com o boom das com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties, tendo os chi\u00adneses com\u00adprando nossa pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o, tanto quanto os que dizem que “tudo vai virar com\u00admo\u00addity” sem ex\u00adplicar como \u00e9 pos\u00ads\u00edvel essa me\u00adta\u00admor\u00adfose des\u00adcon\u00adsi\u00adde\u00adrando que ainda temos uma Cons\u00adti\u00adtui\u00e7\u00e3o Fe\u00adderal com o ar\u00adtigo 225, al\u00e9m do di\u00adreito econ\u00f4\u00admico, tri\u00adbu\u00adt\u00e1rio e fiscal.<\/p>\n Eis a s\u00edn\u00adtese do texto: o bem am\u00adbi\u00adental \u00e9 de\u00adfi\u00adnido pela Cons\u00adti\u00adtui\u00e7\u00e3o como sendo “de uso comum do povo”, ou seja, n\u00e3o \u00e9 bem de pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00addade p\u00fa\u00adblica, mas sim de na\u00adtu\u00adreza di\u00adfusa, raz\u00e3o pela qual nin\u00adgu\u00e9m pode adotar me\u00addidas que im\u00adpli\u00adquem gozar, dispor, fruir do bem am\u00adbi\u00adental ou des\u00adtru\u00ed-lo. Ao con\u00adtr\u00e1rio, ao bem am\u00adbi\u00adental, \u00e9 so\u00admente con\u00adfe\u00adrido o di\u00adreito de us\u00e1-lo, ga\u00adran\u00adtindo o di\u00adreito das pre\u00adsentes e fu\u00adturas ge\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/em><\/p>\n Est\u00e3o usando a pa\u00adlavra-ex\u00adpress\u00e3o com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties de forma en\u00advi\u00ade\u00adsada, dis\u00adtor\u00adcida e des\u00adcon\u00adtex\u00adtu\u00ada\u00adli\u00adzada ou sim\u00adples\u00admente jo\u00adgando a pa\u00adlavra-ex\u00adpress\u00e3o de um lado para outro sem apro\u00adfundar o de\u00adbate que est\u00e1 em curso h\u00e1 d\u00e9\u00adcadas, desta forma, des\u00advi\u00adando a aten\u00e7\u00e3o do prin\u00adcipal e na mai\u00adoria das vezes in\u00adver\u00adtendo o sen\u00adtido de nossas co\u00adlo\u00adca\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es, de\u00admons\u00adtrando que n\u00e3o sabem do que est\u00e3o fa\u00adlando e que des\u00adco\u00adnhecem os gar\u00adgalos das ca\u00addeias pro\u00addu\u00adtivas de bens e ser\u00advi\u00e7os.<\/p>\n Cor\u00adreio da Ci\u00adda\u00addania: Mer\u00adcan\u00adti\u00adli\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o da Na\u00adtu\u00adreza?<\/strong><\/p>\n Amyra El Kha\u00adlili:<\/strong>\u00a0Desde que o pri\u00admeiro co\u00adlo\u00adni\u00adzador meteu os p\u00e9s neste con\u00adti\u00adnente la\u00adtino-ame\u00adri\u00adcano ca\u00adri\u00adbenho, a na\u00adtu\u00adreza foi mer\u00adcan\u00adti\u00adli\u00adzada. Es\u00adtamos em outra fase: a da mi\u00adli\u00adta\u00adri\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o da na\u00adtu\u00adreza. Sem d\u00fa\u00advida \u00e9 in\u00adques\u00adti\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1vel que o ob\u00adje\u00adtivo da “mi\u00adli\u00adta\u00adri\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o” \u00e9 para se\u00adguir mer\u00adcan\u00adti\u00adli\u00adzando tudo e qual\u00adquer coisa, da na\u00adtu\u00adreza a vida – ali\u00e1s, seria hi\u00adpo\u00adcrisia dizer que esta ainda n\u00e3o foi mer\u00adcan\u00adti\u00adli\u00adzada. J\u00e1 se v\u00e3o mais de 500 anos de co\u00adlo\u00adni\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o mer\u00adcantil e nin\u00adgu\u00e9m fez nada. A cada go\u00adverno, seja de di\u00adreita ou es\u00adquerda, re\u00adproduz-se o mesmo “modus ope\u00adrandi”. Pro\u00adferi pa\u00adlestra na sede do BNDES (em 2000) pro\u00admo\u00advida pelo go\u00adverno dos EUA a falar sobre o Plano Col\u00f4mbia, quando jo\u00adgaram ve\u00adneno nas plan\u00adta\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es de coca, pa\u00adpoulas, ma\u00adconha, que al\u00e9m de matar a terra atin\u00adgiram a po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o com graves se\u00adquelas.<\/p>\n Al\u00adgu\u00e9m citou essa fala nos re\u00adla\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrios? Nada! O que os jor\u00adna\u00adlistas es\u00adcre\u00adveram na “grande im\u00adprensa” foi apenas o que in\u00adte\u00adres\u00adsava ao mer\u00adcado de car\u00adbono, mas n\u00e3o es\u00adcre\u00adveram o que disse sobre a ne\u00adces\u00adsi\u00addade de criar al\u00adter\u00adna\u00adtivas agro\u00ade\u00adco\u00adl\u00f3\u00adgicas para os po\u00adbres cam\u00adpe\u00adsinos (as) que plantam coca, ma\u00adconha e pa\u00adpoulas (BERNA, Vilmar 2018).<\/p>\n Desta forma sou so\u00adli\u00add\u00e1ria com as pro\u00adpostas do “Co\u00admu\u00adni\u00adcado do Com\u00adpo\u00adnente da FARC no Pro\u00adgrama Na\u00adci\u00adonal In\u00adte\u00adgral de Subs\u00adti\u00adtui\u00e7\u00e3o de Cul\u00adtivos de Uso Il\u00ed\u00adcito (PNIS)”. Se que\u00adremos paz nas flo\u00adrestas, nos campos, nas mon\u00adta\u00adnhas e nas \u00e1guas, temos de ca\u00admi\u00adnhar para as so\u00adlu\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es dos pro\u00adblemas e n\u00e3o “pro\u00adble\u00adma\u00adtizar mais e mais jo\u00adgando ga\u00adso\u00adlina onde j\u00e1 h\u00e1 in\u00adc\u00eandio”.<\/p>\n Como \u00e9 pos\u00ads\u00edvel ex\u00adplicar para Dona Maria, para Seu Jo\u00e3o, que ali\u00admento n\u00e3o \u00e9 mer\u00adca\u00addoria se eles t\u00eam de com\u00adprar na feira, no su\u00adper\u00admer\u00adcado, na pa\u00addaria, no a\u00e7ougue a co\u00admida dos fi\u00adlhos? Como \u00e9 pos\u00ads\u00edvel ex\u00adplicar para minha m\u00e3e que \u00e1gua e energia n\u00e3o s\u00e3o mer\u00adca\u00addo\u00adrias se as contas de \u00e1gua, luz, g\u00e1s e com\u00adbus\u00adt\u00edvel est\u00e3o pela hora da morte?<\/p>\n Ser\u00e1 que d\u00e1 para a gente usar esse ar\u00adgu\u00admento com as Em\u00adpresas-Es\u00adtados que nos abas\u00adtecem com \u00e1gua, luz e g\u00e1s, que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o mer\u00adca\u00addo\u00adrias? Que o Es\u00adtado tem de nos prover de ser\u00advi\u00e7os que ja\u00admais de\u00adve\u00adriam ser mer\u00adcan\u00adti\u00adli\u00adzados como sa\u00fade, edu\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o, se\u00adgu\u00adran\u00e7a p\u00fa\u00adblica, pre\u00advi\u00add\u00eancia, entre ou\u00adtros que pa\u00adgamos com im\u00adpostos e taxas na hora que temos que quitar nossas d\u00ed\u00advidas? O fun\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1rio que me atende no guich\u00ea pode me isentar desses pa\u00adga\u00admentos apenas com tal ar\u00adgu\u00admento?<\/p>\n Penso que as afir\u00adma\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es “\u00e1gua, energia e ali\u00admento n\u00e3o s\u00e3o mer\u00adca\u00addoria” n\u00e3o ex\u00adplicam nada para nin\u00adgu\u00e9m, a n\u00e3o ser para os fun\u00adci\u00ado\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrios p\u00fa\u00adblicos e os da aca\u00addemia que t\u00eam seus sa\u00adl\u00e1\u00adrios ga\u00adran\u00adtidos no fim do m\u00eas e podem dispor de bolsas de pes\u00adquisas para fi\u00adcarem es\u00adtu\u00addando e pes\u00adqui\u00adsando, com des\u00adpesas de vi\u00ada\u00adgens pagas pelo Es\u00adtado ou por ins\u00adti\u00adtui\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es para par\u00adti\u00adci\u00adparem de se\u00admi\u00adn\u00e1\u00adrios, reu\u00adni\u00f5es, en\u00adcon\u00adtros e pa\u00adles\u00adtras, en\u00adquanto a grande mai\u00adoria, na qual me in\u00adcluo, mal con\u00adsegue manter seus em\u00adpregos com seus di\u00adplomas de curso su\u00adpe\u00adrior e al\u00adgumas es\u00adpe\u00adci\u00ada\u00adli\u00adza\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es. E veja voc\u00ea que n\u00e3o fi\u00adquei rica ne\u00adgo\u00adci\u00adando com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties nas Bolsas. Sigo em ca\u00adra\u00advana dando aulas em co\u00admu\u00adni\u00addades po\u00adbres, muitas vezes tra\u00adbalho sem re\u00adceber ho\u00adno\u00adr\u00e1\u00adrios.<\/p>\n De\u00advemos sem d\u00fa\u00advida al\u00adguma dis\u00adcutir a qua\u00adli\u00addade do que pro\u00addu\u00adzimos e con\u00adsu\u00admimos, se o que co\u00admemos nos ali\u00admenta ou se o que pa\u00adgamos tem pre\u00e7o justo, mas de\u00advemos evitar con\u00adfundir mais ainda o que j\u00e1 est\u00e1 con\u00adfuso e obs\u00adcuro. Enfim, para quem es\u00adtamos fa\u00adlando e com quem es\u00adtamos di\u00ada\u00adlo\u00adgando? Essa \u00e9 a per\u00adgunta que n\u00e3o quer calar.<\/p>\n Para os sim\u00adples mor\u00adtais, ga\u00adlinha \u00e9 ga\u00adlinha, paca \u00e9 paca, como diz sa\u00adbi\u00ada\u00admente a li\u00adde\u00adran\u00e7a Ja\u00admi\u00adnaw\u00e1 do Acre.<\/p>\n Cor\u00adreio da Ci\u00adda\u00addania: Voc\u00ea es\u00adta\u00adbe\u00adlece di\u00e1\u00adlogo di\u00adreto com o que chama de “emi\u00adn\u00eancia parda”, o mer\u00adcado. Qual o grau de in\u00adci\u00add\u00eancia deste ente nas po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticas am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais e como voc\u00ea des\u00adcreve os ins\u00adtru\u00admentos fi\u00adnan\u00adceiros por ele de\u00adsen\u00advol\u00advidos como in\u00adcen\u00adtivos de pre\u00adser\u00adva\u00e7\u00e3o am\u00adbi\u00adental?<\/strong><\/p>\n Amyra El Kha\u00adlili:<\/strong>\u00a0Vamos iden\u00adti\u00adficar quem \u00e9 sua emi\u00adn\u00eancia parda: o Mer\u00adcado. Fa\u00e7o essa pro\u00advo\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o de\u00adpois de anos e anos ou\u00advindo o sis\u00adtema fi\u00adnan\u00adceiro falar em meu nome sem me per\u00adguntar o que eu penso ou o que eu gos\u00adtaria de dizer. Como ope\u00adra\u00addora da Bolsa re\u00adpetia todos os dias: o mer\u00adcado subiu, o mer\u00adcado caiu, o mer\u00adcado est\u00e1 ner\u00advoso, o mer\u00adcado est\u00e1 pa\u00adrado. E a gente nem se d\u00e1 conta do que est\u00e1 di\u00adzendo de t\u00e3o con\u00addi\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnados que fi\u00adcamos nesse uni\u00adverso.<\/p>\n O mer\u00adcado a que me re\u00adfiro no e-book “Com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais em miss\u00e3o de paz”, como disse an\u00adte\u00adri\u00ador\u00admente, somos todos n\u00f3s que pro\u00addu\u00adzimos e con\u00adsu\u00admimos, e n\u00e3o o mer\u00adcado fi\u00adnan\u00adceiro, que ab\u00adso\u00adlu\u00adta\u00admente n\u00e3o produz nada e tem so\u00adbre\u00advi\u00advido como pa\u00adra\u00adsita de ren\u00adtismo e da es\u00adpe\u00adcu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n O co\u00adlega La\u00addislau Dowbor es\u00adcla\u00adrece esse im\u00adbr\u00f3\u00adglio com rigor ci\u00aden\u00adt\u00ed\u00adfico em seu in\u00addis\u00adpen\u00ads\u00e1vel livro “A era do ca\u00adpital im\u00adpro\u00addu\u00adtivo”. La\u00addislau tamb\u00e9m co\u00ador\u00addena um grupo de es\u00adtudos sobre o tema ” fi\u00adnan\u00adcei\u00adri\u00adza\u00e7\u00e3o” ao qual temos con\u00adtri\u00adbu\u00eddo e apoiado por con\u00adsi\u00adde\u00adrarmos im\u00adpor\u00adtante a ini\u00adci\u00ada\u00adtiva de or\u00adga\u00adnizar uma frente que fa\u00e7a con\u00adtra\u00adponto ao mo\u00addelo ne\u00ado\u00adli\u00adberal glo\u00adba\u00adli\u00adzado.<\/p>\n O atual sis\u00adtema fi\u00adnan\u00adceiro \u00e9 que est\u00e1 de\u00adter\u00admi\u00adnando o que sua emi\u00adn\u00eancia parda, o Mer\u00adcado, deve pro\u00adduzir e con\u00adsumir. Por isso mesmo, se sentem \u00e0 von\u00adtade de falar em nome de sua emi\u00adn\u00eancia parda, o mer\u00adcado, de forma ge\u00adne\u00adra\u00adli\u00adzada, sem se\u00adparar mer\u00adcado fi\u00adnan\u00adceiro de mer\u00adcado de tra\u00adbalho, de mer\u00adcado al\u00adter\u00adna\u00adtivo, de mer\u00adcado de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o, de mer\u00adcado de bens e ser\u00advi\u00e7os. H\u00e1 mer\u00adcados e mer\u00adcados e dis\u00adtin\u00adguir pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o de fi\u00adnan\u00e7as \u00e9 o pri\u00admeiro passo para n\u00e3o con\u00adfun\u00addirmos trigo com joio.<\/p>\n Por outro lado, acon\u00adtece tamb\u00e9m que a eco\u00adnomia que vi\u00advemos se es\u00adta\u00adbe\u00adleceu (es\u00adta\u00adblish\u00adment) no pa\u00adra\u00addigma me\u00adca\u00adni\u00adcista onde tudo tende a ser mer\u00adcan\u00adti\u00adli\u00adzado, com es\u00adcalas de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o uti\u00adli\u00adt\u00e1\u00adrias e n\u00e3o como pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o com valor de uso so\u00adcial. \u00c9 evi\u00addente que qual\u00adquer ins\u00adtru\u00admento econ\u00f4\u00admico-fi\u00adnan\u00adceiro que seja pen\u00adsado nesse mesmo pa\u00adra\u00addigma ser\u00e1 usado para con\u00adcen\u00adtrar mais ainda o ca\u00adpital ren\u00adtista (que vive de juros e n\u00e3o de pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o) do que re\u00adal\u00admente ser usado para efe\u00adti\u00adva\u00admente fi\u00adnan\u00adciar a pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o. E con\u00adse\u00adquen\u00adte\u00admente acabam sendo usados para fi\u00adnan\u00adcei\u00adrizar (en\u00addi\u00advidar) os que pro\u00adduzem bens e ser\u00advi\u00e7os.<\/p>\n Por\u00adtanto, as cr\u00ed\u00adticas aos ins\u00adtru\u00admentos econ\u00f4\u00admicos da eco\u00adnomia verde, como Cr\u00e9\u00additos de Car\u00adbono, REDD – Re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o de Emis\u00ads\u00f5es por Des\u00adma\u00adta\u00admento e De\u00adgra\u00adda\u00e7\u00e3o, Cr\u00e9\u00additos de Eflu\u00adentes, Cr\u00e9\u00additos de Com\u00adpen\u00adsa\u00e7\u00e3o, Pa\u00adga\u00admentos por Ser\u00advi\u00e7os Am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais, Pa\u00adga\u00admentos por Ser\u00advi\u00e7os Ecos\u00adsis\u00adt\u00ea\u00admicos etc. s\u00e3o per\u00adti\u00adnentes e me\u00adrecem aten\u00e7\u00e3o. Prin\u00adci\u00adpal\u00admente que \u00f3r\u00adg\u00e3os fis\u00adca\u00adli\u00adza\u00addores e re\u00adgu\u00adla\u00addores, bem como o Mi\u00adnis\u00adt\u00e9rio P\u00fa\u00adblico, apurem as de\u00adn\u00fan\u00adcias que est\u00e3o sendo re\u00adgis\u00adtradas em nossas redes de in\u00adfor\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n No en\u00adtanto, n\u00e3o po\u00addemos ge\u00adne\u00adra\u00adlizar e con\u00adfundir gente s\u00e9ria e bem in\u00adten\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnada com opor\u00adtu\u00adnistas, es\u00adpe\u00adcu\u00adla\u00addores e cri\u00admi\u00adnosos. Muitos acre\u00additam in\u00adg\u00eanua e equi\u00advo\u00adca\u00adda\u00admente que tais ins\u00adtru\u00admentos fi\u00adnan\u00adci\u00adar\u00e3o a tran\u00adsi\u00e7\u00e3o de uma eco\u00adnomia marrom para uma eco\u00adnomia verde, e n\u00e3o est\u00e3o com\u00adpre\u00aden\u00addendo as ar\u00adma\u00addi\u00adlhas fi\u00adnan\u00adceiras e ju\u00adr\u00ed\u00addicas en\u00adgen\u00addradas com ope\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es que en\u00advolvem ques\u00adt\u00f5es de ordem ge\u00ado\u00adpo\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica ca\u00adsadas com terras e re\u00adcursos na\u00adtu\u00adrais es\u00adtra\u00adt\u00e9\u00adgicos, re\u00adgu\u00adlados e le\u00adgis\u00adlados com a cum\u00adpli\u00adci\u00addade de po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticos para a im\u00adple\u00admen\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o destes pe\u00adri\u00adgosos con\u00adtratos fi\u00adnan\u00adceiros e mer\u00adcantis. \u00c9 o pa\u00adcote que vem da cha\u00admada eco\u00adnomia verde ou eco\u00adnomia de baixo car\u00adbono.<\/p>\n Cor\u00adreio da Ci\u00adda\u00addania: Ainda sobre tais ins\u00adtru\u00admentos, que pensa de cr\u00e9\u00additos de car\u00adbono e ou\u00adtras mo\u00adda\u00adli\u00addades de com\u00adpen\u00adsa\u00e7\u00e3o am\u00adbi\u00adental?<\/strong><\/p>\n Amyra El Kha\u00adlili:<\/strong>\u00a0Es\u00adcrevi o ar\u00adtigo “O que s\u00e3o cr\u00e9\u00additos de car\u00adbono?” em 1998 (pre\u00adsente no e-book) para ex\u00adplicar a di\u00adfe\u00adren\u00e7a entre t\u00ed\u00adtulos bur\u00ads\u00e1\u00adteis (ne\u00adgo\u00adci\u00adados em bolsas) e com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties (mer\u00adca\u00addoria pa\u00addro\u00adni\u00adzada) e es\u00adcla\u00adrecer que “cr\u00e9\u00additos de car\u00adbono” n\u00e3o podem ser “com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais”.<\/p>\n Ques\u00adtiono se h\u00e1 emiss\u00e3o de um t\u00ed\u00adtulo para que e para quem ele de\u00adveria servir? Se \u00e9 um cr\u00e9\u00addito seja do que for, como se pode usar-aplicar esse cr\u00e9\u00addito? Na na\u00adtu\u00adreza, o se\u00adquestro de car\u00adbono \u00e9 a fo\u00adtos\u00ads\u00edn\u00adtese. As plantas cap\u00adturam o CO2 para de\u00adpois eli\u00adminar o oxi\u00adg\u00eanio. Em fi\u00adnan\u00e7as n\u00e3o h\u00e1 como fazer essa equa\u00e7\u00e3o. Ainda mais no mer\u00adcado de com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties que est\u00e1 des\u00adre\u00adgu\u00adla\u00admen\u00adtado e hoje a Chi\u00adcago Board ne\u00adgocia at\u00e9 100 vezes a mesma saca de soja por a\u00e7\u00e3o de es\u00adpe\u00adcu\u00adla\u00addores e ma\u00adni\u00adpu\u00adla\u00addores que nada t\u00eam a ver com a ati\u00advi\u00addade pro\u00addu\u00adtiva. Tais a\u00e7\u00f5es dis\u00adtorcem os pre\u00e7os e pre\u00adju\u00addicam os fi\u00adnan\u00adci\u00ada\u00admentos das la\u00advouras, con\u00addi\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnando os agri\u00adcul\u00adtores a com\u00adprarem as tec\u00adno\u00adlo\u00adgias de ponta que os pa\u00edses do norte pa\u00adten\u00adte\u00adaram, como se\u00admentes, agro\u00adt\u00f3\u00adxicos, qu\u00ed\u00admicos, m\u00e1\u00adquinas e equi\u00adpa\u00admentos.<\/p>\n Uma coisa \u00e9 fi\u00adnan\u00adciar um pro\u00adjeto de mi\u00adti\u00adga\u00e7\u00e3o (re\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o de emis\u00ads\u00f5es), a outra \u00e9 emitir t\u00ed\u00adtulos para as Bolsas ou ne\u00adgo\u00adciar com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties nas Bolsas. S\u00e3o coisas di\u00adfe\u00adrentes, t\u00eam fun\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es di\u00adfe\u00adrentes; n\u00e3o de\u00adve\u00adriam se fundir e muito menos se con\u00adfundir. Ocorre que com os ins\u00adtru\u00admentos da eco\u00adnomia verde ci\u00adtados an\u00adte\u00adri\u00ador\u00admente, est\u00e3o fun\u00addindo e con\u00adfun\u00addindo pro\u00adpo\u00adsi\u00adta\u00adda\u00admente os con\u00adtratos em uma ar\u00adqui\u00adte\u00adtura fi\u00adnan\u00adceira pe\u00adri\u00adgosa.<\/p>\n Sus\u00adpei\u00adtamos que o fazem para se apro\u00adpri\u00adarem de terras e re\u00adcursos na\u00adtu\u00adrais es\u00adtra\u00adt\u00e9\u00adgicos (bens co\u00admuns). Com a crise fi\u00adnan\u00adceira in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00adonal de 2008 ap\u00f3s a quebra do Banco Lehman Brothers, os in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos que es\u00adtavam no sub\u00adprime (hi\u00adpo\u00adtecas de re\u00adsi\u00add\u00ean\u00adcias) mi\u00adgraram para o que cha\u00admamos de sub\u00adprime am\u00adbi\u00adental (hi\u00adpo\u00adtecas de terras).<\/p>\n Como disse, ne\u00adnhum in\u00adves\u00adtidor co\u00adloca di\u00adnheiro na\u00adquilo que n\u00e3o co\u00adnhece e nem as\u00adsina con\u00adtratos que n\u00e3o en\u00adtende. Ainda mais com con\u00adta\u00adbi\u00adli\u00addades com\u00adplexas em con\u00adtratos fi\u00adnan\u00adceiros e mer\u00adcantis que ne\u00adces\u00adsa\u00adri\u00ada\u00admente devem medir a quan\u00adti\u00addade de car\u00adbono se\u00adques\u00adtrado. Como \u00e9 feita a me\u00addi\u00e7\u00e3o? Quem au\u00addita tal en\u00adge\u00adnharia?<\/p>\n Se na aca\u00addemia h\u00e1 di\u00adver\u00adg\u00ean\u00adcias do que pode ou n\u00e3o ser “se\u00adques\u00adtrado”, se es\u00adpe\u00adci\u00ada\u00adlistas a todo mo\u00admento pu\u00adblicam es\u00adtudos e re\u00adla\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrios que der\u00adrubam teses e pro\u00adjetos de car\u00adbono, em quem con\u00adfiar ta\u00admanha ta\u00adrefa para as\u00adsinar acordos, con\u00adtratos e pro\u00adjetos que en\u00advolvem bi\u00adlh\u00f5es e ainda ali\u00adenam terras por 30, 40, 50 e at\u00e9 100 anos?<\/p>\n Mi\u00adtigar n\u00e3o ocorre da noite para o dia, leva anos e anos, e muitos que est\u00e3o as\u00adsi\u00adnando con\u00adtratos, acordos e pro\u00adjetos nem es\u00adtar\u00e3o vivos para saber seus re\u00adsul\u00adtados, com\u00adpro\u00adme\u00adtendo assim o pa\u00adtrim\u00f4nio am\u00adbi\u00adental e cul\u00adtural das pre\u00adsentes e fu\u00adturas ge\u00adra\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es, como \u00e9 o caso das terras dos povos in\u00add\u00ed\u00adgenas e tra\u00addi\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais.<\/p>\n Cor\u00adreio da Ci\u00adda\u00addania: En\u00adquanto n\u00e3o esse de\u00adbate fica au\u00adsente do co\u00adnhe\u00adci\u00admento p\u00fa\u00adblico as ex\u00adpe\u00adri\u00ad\u00ean\u00adcias aqui cri\u00adti\u00adcadas avan\u00e7am pelo Brasil.<\/strong><\/p>\n Amyra El Kha\u00adlili:<\/strong>\u00a0Sim, e n\u00e3o pre\u00adci\u00adsamos ir at\u00e9 l\u00e1 na Amaz\u00f4nia para ve\u00adri\u00adficar: aqui mesmo, em ter\u00adri\u00adt\u00f3rio pau\u00adlista, as terras dos agri\u00adcul\u00adtores podem ficar em ga\u00adrantia por tantos anos e ali\u00ade\u00adnadas so\u00admente para re\u00adce\u00adberem os trocos dos tais “ser\u00advi\u00e7os am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais e ecos\u00adsis\u00adt\u00ea\u00admicos”, seja de se\u00adquestro de car\u00adbono ou da gest\u00e3o das \u00e1guas de uma re\u00adpresa, ca\u00adcho\u00adeira ou rio que passa dentro de uma pro\u00adpri\u00ade\u00addade ou fa\u00adzenda? Ser\u00e1 que n\u00e3o est\u00e3o co\u00adlo\u00adcando em risco o pa\u00adtrim\u00f4nio p\u00fa\u00adblico (como s\u00e3o as terras in\u00add\u00ed\u00adgenas e tra\u00addi\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais da Uni\u00e3o) ou pri\u00advado, como s\u00e3o as terras de meus av\u00f3s ma\u00adternos e pa\u00adternos em Minas Ge\u00adrais e na Pa\u00adles\u00adtina, para re\u00adce\u00adberem um valor in\u00adsig\u00adni\u00adfi\u00adcante quando essas terras valem muito mais, n\u00e3o para serem ex\u00adplo\u00adradas \u00e0 exaust\u00e3o, mas por nos pro\u00adpor\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnarem os “be\u00adne\u00adf\u00ed\u00adcios pro\u00advi\u00adden\u00adciais” que nos mant\u00eam vivos, como \u00e1gua, ar e solo?<\/p>\n Ana\u00adli\u00adsando um con\u00adtrato que es\u00adtamos au\u00addi\u00adtando, en\u00adcon\u00adtramos a se\u00adguinte cifra: con\u00adtra\u00adtaram uma con\u00adsul\u00adtora in\u00addi\u00advi\u00addual em ca\u00adpa\u00adci\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o para plan\u00adtarem hortas co\u00admu\u00adni\u00adt\u00e1\u00adrias pela m\u00f3\u00addica quantia de R$ 95.000,00 por 15 (quinze) meses; em con\u00adtra\u00adpar\u00adtida ofe\u00adre\u00adceram a uma li\u00adde\u00adran\u00e7a in\u00add\u00ed\u00adgena o valor de R$ 180.000,00 (para tr\u00eas al\u00addeias) por ano em troca de as\u00adsi\u00adnarem um con\u00adtrato de REDD+. Veja , a con\u00adsul\u00adtora in\u00addi\u00advi\u00addual re\u00adcebe pouco mais da me\u00adtade do valor ofe\u00adre\u00adcido para tr\u00eas al\u00addeias. \u00c9 uma dis\u00adcre\u00adp\u00e2ncia ab\u00adsurda. Nunca re\u00adce\u00adbemos essa m\u00f3\u00addica quantia para ca\u00adpa\u00adcitar co\u00admu\u00adni\u00addades nos cursos de com\u00admo\u00addi\u00adties am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais. Como es\u00adtamos au\u00addi\u00adtando, por se\u00adgredo de jus\u00adti\u00e7a n\u00e3o vou re\u00advelar nomes.<\/p>\n Todos os ins\u00adtru\u00admentos da eco\u00adnomia verde obe\u00addecem a mesma l\u00f3\u00adgica de ou\u00adtros con\u00adtratos fi\u00adnan\u00adceiros e mer\u00adcantis tanto quanto a l\u00f3\u00adgica dos em\u00adpr\u00e9s\u00adtimos in\u00adter\u00adna\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais que es\u00adcra\u00advizam a nossa eco\u00adnomia, tais como os em\u00adpr\u00e9s\u00adtimos do FMI, do Banco Mun\u00addial, dos Bancos Mul\u00adti\u00adla\u00adte\u00adrais para fi\u00adnan\u00adci\u00ada\u00admento de obras p\u00fa\u00adblicas, de trans\u00adporte e de sa\u00adne\u00ada\u00admento b\u00e1\u00adsico. Basta olhar a quan\u00adti\u00addade de obras pa\u00adradas cujos in\u00adves\u00adti\u00admentos fi\u00adzeram de es\u00adtradas, tri\u00adlhos e trens um monte de su\u00adcata.<\/p>\n Cor\u00adreio da Ci\u00adda\u00addania: O que pensa, em li\u00adnhas ge\u00adrais, dos con\u00adceitos de eco\u00adnomia verde?<\/strong><\/p>\n Amyra El Kha\u00adlili:<\/strong>\u00a0Par\u00adti\u00adci\u00adpamos de v\u00e1\u00adrias frentes que se op\u00f5em ao mo\u00addelo econ\u00f4\u00admico-fi\u00adnan\u00adceiro cha\u00admado “eco\u00adnomia verde”. Somos con\u00adtr\u00e1\u00adrios aos pro\u00adjetos de “eco\u00adnomia verde” que v\u00eam de cima para baixo e de fora para dentro, como a im\u00adple\u00admen\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o de uma agenda de venda r\u00e1\u00adpida, com ob\u00adje\u00adtivos como le\u00adgislar, dar n\u00fa\u00admeros e es\u00adta\u00adt\u00eds\u00adticas.<\/p>\n H\u00e1 tr\u00eas prin\u00adci\u00adpais mer\u00adcados mun\u00addiais il\u00ed\u00adcitos: o de armas, o do nar\u00adco\u00adtr\u00e1\u00adfico e o da bi\u00ado\u00adpi\u00adra\u00adtaria. Esse di\u00adnheiro passa pelo sis\u00adtema fi\u00adnan\u00adceiro – o ver\u00adda\u00addeiro res\u00adpon\u00ads\u00e1vel pelo fi\u00adnan\u00adci\u00ada\u00admento do mer\u00adcado de armas e de todo o apa\u00adrato ge\u00adrador de guerras e mi\u00ads\u00e9\u00adrias. De\u00adfen\u00addemos pro\u00adjetos so\u00adci\u00ado\u00adam\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais que, fo\u00adcados na pre\u00adser\u00adva\u00e7\u00e3o e con\u00adser\u00adva\u00e7\u00e3o am\u00adbi\u00adental, con\u00adtri\u00adbuem para a se\u00adgu\u00adran\u00e7a p\u00fa\u00adblica, com\u00adbatem as drogas, a vi\u00ado\u00adl\u00eancia contra a mu\u00adlher, a cri\u00admi\u00adna\u00adli\u00addade, a dis\u00adcri\u00admi\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9t\u00adnica, ra\u00adcial e re\u00adli\u00adgiosa, pro\u00admovem a igual\u00addade de g\u00ea\u00adnero, con\u00adcorrem para a ge\u00adra\u00e7\u00e3o de em\u00adprego, ocu\u00adpa\u00e7\u00e3o e renda.<\/p>\n Como al\u00adter\u00adna\u00adtiva, cons\u00adtru\u00edmos co\u00adle\u00adti\u00adva\u00admente a eco\u00adnomia so\u00adci\u00ado\u00adam\u00adbi\u00adental. Di\u00adfe\u00adren\u00adte\u00admente da eco\u00adnomia verde, a so\u00adci\u00ado\u00adam\u00adbi\u00adental passa por um pro\u00adcesso de con\u00adsulta \u00e0 base po\u00adpular, de ampla con\u00adsulta p\u00fa\u00adblica e su\u00adfi\u00adci\u00aden\u00adte\u00admente lenta para ser en\u00adten\u00addida. O pro\u00adcesso que ado\u00adtamos \u00e9 de baixo para cima e de dentro para fora. \u00c9, so\u00adbre\u00adtudo, des\u00advin\u00adcu\u00adlado da agenda de elei\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es. Todo tra\u00adbalho de con\u00adsulta e cons\u00adtru\u00e7\u00e3o co\u00adle\u00adtiva de\u00admora anos, dadas as di\u00adfi\u00adcul\u00addades de chegar onde poucos con\u00adse\u00adguem, em re\u00adgi\u00f5es afas\u00adtadas e sem acesso \u00e0 co\u00admu\u00adni\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o, lo\u00adcais ca\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adri\u00adzados por uma po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o que ne\u00adces\u00adsita de as\u00adsis\u00adt\u00eancia e ori\u00aden\u00adta\u00e7\u00e3o sobre im\u00adpactos so\u00adci\u00ado\u00adam\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais<\/p>\n Agimos em duas frentes: pri\u00admeiro, ao ori\u00adentar a res\u00adpeito da pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o de um pro\u00adjeto econ\u00f4\u00admico, fi\u00adnan\u00adceiro e ju\u00adr\u00ed\u00addico com a mu\u00addan\u00e7a de pa\u00adra\u00addigma; se\u00adgundo, ao di\u00advulgar e pu\u00adblicar re\u00adla\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrios pro\u00addu\u00adzidos por for\u00adma\u00addores de opi\u00adni\u00e3o e li\u00adde\u00adran\u00e7as que par\u00adti\u00adci\u00adparam de cursos e ofi\u00adcinas que apli\u00adcamos em par\u00adceria com uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addades, cen\u00adtros de pes\u00adquisas e grupos lo\u00adcais, al\u00e9m de di\u00advulgar tamb\u00e9m os re\u00adla\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrios de ou\u00adtras frentes que apoi\u00adamos.<\/p>\n Os re\u00adla\u00adt\u00f3\u00adrios in\u00addicam o mapa da re\u00adgi\u00e3o, o perfil da po\u00adpu\u00adla\u00e7\u00e3o, as ca\u00adrac\u00adte\u00adr\u00eds\u00adticas do bioma, iden\u00adti\u00adficam as po\u00adten\u00adci\u00ada\u00adli\u00addades al\u00adter\u00adna\u00adtivas da bi\u00ado\u00addi\u00adver\u00adsi\u00addade, entre ou\u00adtras in\u00adfor\u00adma\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es re\u00adle\u00advantes. Dessa forma, podem apre\u00adsentar os tipos de pro\u00adblemas a eles co\u00adnec\u00adtados, como o de \u00e1gua con\u00adta\u00admi\u00adnada e o do en\u00adfren\u00adta\u00admento de vi\u00ado\u00adl\u00eancia, de drogas, de de\u00adgra\u00adda\u00e7\u00e3o am\u00adbi\u00adental, ex\u00adclus\u00e3o e de\u00adsi\u00adgual\u00addades so\u00adciais e propor so\u00adlu\u00ad\u00e7\u00f5es. \u00c9 assim que se ide\u00ada\u00adlizam pro\u00adjetos so\u00adci\u00ado\u00adam\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais e se buscam ma\u00adneiras de vi\u00ada\u00adbi\u00adliz\u00e1-los.<\/p>\n Cor\u00adreio da Ci\u00adda\u00addania: A maior trans\u00adpa\u00adr\u00eancia sobre os con\u00adceitos de eco\u00adnomia verde nos le\u00advaria a ob\u00adservar di\u00adlemas e jogos de in\u00adte\u00adresse pa\u00adre\u00adcidos com os que o pa\u00eds em crise se de\u00adfronta no mo\u00admento?<\/strong><\/p>\n Amyra El Kha\u00adlili:<\/strong>\u00a0Antes de ide\u00ada\u00adlizar um pro\u00adjeto so\u00adci\u00ado\u00adam\u00adbi\u00adental, \u00e9 ne\u00adces\u00ads\u00e1rio que a so\u00adci\u00ade\u00addade seja de\u00advi\u00adda\u00admente in\u00adfor\u00admada, em lin\u00adguagem de f\u00e1cil com\u00adpre\u00adens\u00e3o, sobre ques\u00adt\u00f5es t\u00e9c\u00adnico-ci\u00aden\u00adt\u00ed\u00adficas. Nossa pro\u00adposta \u00e9 ques\u00adti\u00adonar esse mo\u00addelo econ\u00f4\u00admico para que os atores so\u00adciais se in\u00adformem me\u00adlhor sobre as al\u00adter\u00adna\u00adtivas e riscos ao tomar suas de\u00adci\u00ads\u00f5es. Afinal, em casos como os dos pro\u00adjetos oriundos do mer\u00adcado de car\u00adbono, re\u00adcusar di\u00adnheiro \u00e9 um di\u00adreito, quando n\u00e3o um dever.<\/p>\n V\u00e1\u00adrios casos po\u00adde\u00adriam ser ci\u00adtados. Por exemplo: com a di\u00advul\u00adga\u00e7\u00e3o do “Dossi\u00ea Acre”, demos vi\u00adsi\u00adbi\u00adli\u00addade \u00e0s de\u00adn\u00fan\u00adcias feitas com pro\u00adjetos do mer\u00adcado de car\u00adbono e pa\u00adga\u00admentos por ser\u00advi\u00e7os am\u00adbi\u00aden\u00adtais no Acre. Ela\u00adbo\u00adrado em 2012, o es\u00adtudo n\u00e3o tinha ainda con\u00adse\u00adguido o me\u00adre\u00adcido es\u00adpa\u00e7o na m\u00eddia e nos mais di\u00adversos f\u00f3\u00adruns de de\u00adbate, como tamb\u00e9m se ig\u00adno\u00adrava seu ponto de vista t\u00e9c\u00adnico, ope\u00adra\u00adci\u00adonal, ju\u00adr\u00ed\u00addico, so\u00adci\u00ado\u00ade\u00adcon\u00f4\u00admico, al\u00e9m de essas po\u00adl\u00ed\u00adticas de cima para baixo in\u00adter\u00adfe\u00adrirem no modo de vida das co\u00admu\u00adni\u00addades in\u00add\u00ed\u00adgenas, tra\u00addi\u00adci\u00ado\u00adnais e cam\u00adpe\u00adsinas da re\u00adgi\u00e3o amaz\u00f4\u00adnica.<\/p>\n Temos, atu\u00adal\u00admente, mais de cinco mil dis\u00adtri\u00adbui\u00addores, mul\u00adti\u00adpli\u00adca\u00addores e par\u00adceiros na pro\u00addu\u00e7\u00e3o e dis\u00adse\u00admi\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o de in\u00adfor\u00adma\u00e7\u00e3o. S\u00e3o essas par\u00adce\u00adrias e “n\u00f3s de co\u00admu\u00adni\u00adca\u00e7\u00e3o” que formam a “ali\u00adan\u00e7a” que ora com\u00adpleta mais de duas d\u00e9\u00adcadas de tra\u00adbalho vo\u00adlun\u00adt\u00e1rio, sem re\u00adcursos de em\u00adpresas e de go\u00advernos. N\u00e3o somos a m\u00eddia. Re\u00adpre\u00adsen\u00adtamos para a im\u00adprensa um con\u00adtra\u00adponto. Apoi\u00adamos a m\u00eddia al\u00adter\u00adna\u00adtiva para que tamb\u00e9m con\u00adsiga seus fi\u00adnan\u00adci\u00ada\u00admentos, posto que nos presta um ser\u00advi\u00e7o de uti\u00adli\u00addade p\u00fa\u00adblica da maior re\u00adle\u00adv\u00e2ncia.<\/p>\n H\u00e1 mais de 20 anos tra\u00adba\u00adlhamos nesse pro\u00adjeto, de en\u00adver\u00adga\u00addura ge\u00ado\u00adpo\u00adl\u00ed\u00adtica, pela cul\u00adtura de paz, pela au\u00adto\u00adde\u00adter\u00admi\u00adna\u00e7\u00e3o e eman\u00adci\u00adpa\u00e7\u00e3o dos povos com a cul\u00adtura de re\u00adsis\u00adt\u00eancia, cujo re\u00adsul\u00adtado se dar\u00e1 a longo prazo. N\u00e3o bus\u00adcamos re\u00adsul\u00adtados ime\u00addi\u00adatos, mas du\u00adra\u00addouros e ver\u00adda\u00addei\u00adra\u00admente sus\u00adten\u00adt\u00e1\u00adveis, for\u00admando “ali\u00adan\u00e7as” in\u00adque\u00adbran\u00adt\u00e1\u00adveis.<\/p>\n
\nPri\u00admei\u00adra\u00admente, car\u00adbono n\u00e3o pode ser con\u00adsi\u00adde\u00adrado mer\u00adca\u00addoria se a in\u00adten\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 re\u00adduzir as emis\u00ads\u00f5es. N\u00e3o existe conta para re\u00adduzir nada no sis\u00adtema fi\u00adnan\u00adceiro, so\u00admente para mul\u00adti\u00adplicar. Con\u00adfundem “se\u00adquestro de car\u00adbono” com “cr\u00e9\u00additos de car\u00adbono”.<\/p>\n